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  New Install Instructions on Raspberry Pi
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# by WA8KIM / kim@kim125.com / EchoLink: WA8KIM-R / WiRES-X: Rm#21149 / Last updated 08/24/2015.
# http://www.wa8kim.com/rpi.html
# Thanks to MANY uncredited contributers. 
# Best viewed in Notepad with Word Wrap OFF/UNCHECKED and in full screen

Download the latest version of this file at:
http://www.wa8kim.com/files/(RPi)%20Install%20-%20New%20RPi%20Setup.txt

A good starting point is the RPi's main website at:
http://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/

1. Download Raspberry Pi Raspian (Wheezy / Debian)
http://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads

2. Download Win32DiskImager utility
http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager/

3. Use Win32DiskImage to write the Raspian-Wheezy.img file onto an SD/microSD card

4. Place SD card into RPi and power it up. It should bring up a config menu.

5. Change the following settings: (if the setting menu does not appear, type 'sudo raspi-config')
	- 1. Expand Filesystem: makes the entire SD card available.
	- 2. Change User Password: The default password is raspberry
	- 4. Internat'l Options: Change Locale and Timezone as needed
	- 8. Advanced options: 
		- A2 Hostname: Change the RPi's network name
		- A3 Memory Split: If you are NOT going to use the graphical GUI, reduce the amount of graphical memory to 16
		- A0 Update; update the config utility
	- Press [Tab] down to 'Finish' and YES to reboot. (If the system didn't reboot, type 'sudo reboot' to reboot)

6. (OPTIONAL) Begin using PuTTY on your Windows PC to control the RPi so that you can cut & paste commands:
http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html
Hostname is your RPi's IP address. (Your RPi will display it's IP on the screen or type 'ifconfig' on your RPi)
Use SSH port 22
The default login is: pi
The default password is: raspberry (or use the new password you created)

7. Download and install the latest Raspian updates:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade       (May take 30-60 minutes!)

8. Download and install RPi firmware updates:
sudo apt-get install git-core ca-certificates

9. Download the rpi-updater script:
sudo wget http://goo.gl/1BOfJ -O /usr/bin/rpi-update

10. Make it executable
sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/rpi-update

11. Run it:
sudo rpi-update

12. To start the x11 GUI (Windows-like desktop: Will only work if the RPi is connected to a monitor)
startx

___________________________

The following are OPTIONAL:
___________________________


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ WiFi Setup ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

	# Displays all your Wifi settings/addresses
sudo iwlist wlan0 scan	(Write down your ssid)

	# /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf is where the RPi stores all Wifi login info
	# Add the content between the '-----------'s below to the end of the file
sudo nano /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
---------------------------------------------------
network={
    ssid="your_wifi_name"
    psk="your_password"
}
---------------------------------------------------
To Disable WiFi: sudo ifdown wlan0
To Enable WiFi: sudo ifup wlan0

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~ To Skip Login (Automatically Login To User 'Pi') ~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

sudo nano /etc/inittab
---------------------------------------------------
Comment out the following line: (Placing a # in front of any text "comments" it out: meaning the RPi will ignore everything following it on that line)
#1:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty 115200 tty1

and add the following line instead:
1:2345:respawn:/bin/login -f pi tty1 </dev/tty1 >/dev/tty1 2>&1
---------------------------------------------------

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ To Create A Static IP Address ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

	# First, determine your current IP address info and write it down
	# Log in to your Raspberry Pi and type the following:
ifconfig
	# Write down the <inet>, <BCast>, & <Mask> info for your desires internet card.
		(eth0 is the Cat-5 LAN, wlan0 is your Wifi)
	# <inet> is your IP address
	# <Bcast> is yoru broadcast IP, which is usually just your IP address with a .255 for the number
	# <Mask> is your netmask

	# Your gateway will be displayed using the following command
route -n

	# Modify the /etc/network/interfaces file as below, substituting with your IP addresses
sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces
---------------------------------------------------
#iface eth0 inet dhcp
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.39
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
---------------------------------------------------

	# The following sets the static DNS server (192.168.1.1 is your router, the 8.8.8.8 is Google's free DNS server)
sudo nano /etc/resolv.conf
---------------------------------------------------
nameserver 192.168.1.1
nameserver 8.8.8.8
---------------------------------------------------

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ To Autorun A Program ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
	# /etc/rc.local is RPi's version of MSDOS's autoexec.bat
	# Anything placed within the /etc/rc.local will be run when the RPi is turned on / rebooted.

sudo nano /etc/rc.local
	# Add the program you want to load prior to the 'exit 0' command
	# For example:
---------------------------------------------------
echo Starting EchoLink Proxy Server . . .
cd /home/pi && java -jar EchoLinkProxy.jar

echo Starting VNC Server . . .
sudo tightvncserver :0 -geometry 1024x768 -depth 16

exit 0
---------------------------------------------------

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Change SSH Port ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
	# Change the port in the following line:
Port 22

	# Restart the SSH server or reboot for changes to take effect.
sudo service ssh restart

	# Don't forget to change the port number in your router's port forwarding!

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Common Debian / Linux commands:
_______________________________________________________________________________________

sudo				Administrator privilages
sudo -s				Administrator privilages for entire session
sudo raspi-config		Access the main config screen / menu
man [filename]			Displays the manual. man man displays helpful RPi manual
nano				Like notepad
vi				Text Editor
alsamixer			Sound / Volume Mixer
sudo alsactl store		Save settings
sudo svxlink			To start SVXLink
pwd				Displays current directory (Print Work DirectorY)
ls 				Directory list
ls -l				DIR with details
less [filename]			Displys file (text) one screen at a time
cd				Change directory
mkdir				Create directory
mkdir -p /dir1/dir2/dir3/etc.	Create multiple directories
rmdir				Remove empty directory
rm				Deleted file
rm -r				Delete file or directory recursively
cp [source] [destination]	Copy file or directory
cp -r				Copy file or directory recursively
mv				Move file
chmod				Change permission of file u=user g=group o=other_users r=read w=write x=execute
chgrp				Change group permission
cat [file] ex: *.txt		Displays contents of file(s)
cat /proc/cpuinfo		Displays processor usages (like task manager)
cat /proc/meminfo		Displays memory usage
cat /proc/partitions		Displays partition info
cat /proc/version		Displays RPi OS Version
vcgencmd measure_temp		CPU temp
vcgencmd free -o -h 		Free system memory
vcgencmd get_mem arm && vcgencmd get_mem gpu	Shows CPU and GPU memory
lsusb				Lists all USB devices
startx				Runs the GUI interface
sudo shutdown –h now		Shut down
sudo shutdown –r now		Reboot
sudo reboot			Reboot
dd				Copy disk [dd if=/dev/sdd of=backup.img] would copy SD card
df				Displays disk space available
df -h				Displays disk space available in "human' format
unzip				Unzip file
tar -cvzf *filename.tar.gz* *directory/*	Create a compressed file
tar -xvzf *filename.tar.gz*	Extract compressed file
|  ex: cat /boot/kernal.img | aplay	Pipe command output from one command to another
>  ex: ls > listing.txt		Redirection
tree				Shows directory tree
&				Runs command in background
wget				Download file from web
search
find [filename]			Searches for file
ping				Ping
nmap				Network exploration and scanning tool. Run just 'nmap' for help
ifconfig 			Displays network configuration for the interfaces on the current system
ifconfig eth0 or lo		Displays configs for eth0 or lo devices
su [user]			Change user
su				Change user to root
passwd [user]			Change the password of [user]
sudo shutdown -h now		Shut Down System
sudo halt			Shut Down System
sudo shutdown			Shut Down System
grep SearchWord */*		Searching for a string in 1 or more files
[command] --help		Displays help file for command
tail				Last few lines of a file
head				First few lines of a file
top				Display CPU and Memory usage (like task manager)
ps -aux | less			Displays all process and their ID number
kill [95689]			Kills process #
[CTRL-C]			Kill current running program
[CTRL-D]			Exits the shell
[CTRL-A]			Move cursor to beginning of line
[CTRL-E]			Move cursor to end of line
iptables -L			See what rules are already configured
EN_UART-LCD			Enables 3.2in Touch screen
DIS_UART-LCD			Disables 3.2in Touch screen
sftp				Secure FTP
scp				Secure copy over network
sudo date --set="Sun Nov 18 1:55:16 EDT 2012"
ls /dev/tty*			Displays all serial ports
sudo netstat -ltnup		Shows what programs are listening on what ports
netstat -an | grep tcp		See what programs are using tcp ports
netstat -an | grep udp		See what programs are using udp ports
ln -s /home/pi/file shortcutname	Create a shortcut
/usr/local/bin			Folder to place shortcuts (.sh files)

rwx (user) rwx (grp) rwx (everyone) 2 pi (usr name) pi (group name)  4096 (size) Oct 24 21:29 filename
u user				chmod commands
g group				chmod u+rwx,g+rwx,o+rwx file.txt
o others not in group		chmod G+wx file.txt
a all/everyone
r read permission		chmod u+rw,g+rw,o+rw 
w write permission
x execute permission
+ add permission
- remove permission

sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces		Change IP address
sudo nano /etc/resolv.conf			Change DNS Server
sudo nano /etc/rc.local				AutoExece.bat file
sudo nano /etc/firewall-openvpn-rules.sh	Firewall config file

Change Host Name:
sudo nano /etc/hosts		Change 127.0.0.1 to Your_Name
sudo nano /etc/hostname		Change to Your_Name
sudo /etc/init.d/hostname.sh
sudo reboot
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--------------------
  REVISION HISTORY
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2015-08-24 Updated Download Link
2015-03-03 File Created